ࡱ> :<9 R`bjbj8jj  m&l%%%%%%%$'{*F&!BBB&'&B:%B%ЖoR|%=&0m&* **0Z@W4&&m&BBBB*j |: The Comparative Studies on Social Security in China and Latin America: Traditional Culture and Institutional Arrangement From the Point View of Enlarging the Coverage There are differences in Culture and social security reform path among Europe, Latin America and China. Compared with Europe, Latin America and China share more similarities than differences, ie. lower development, funded scheme oriented reform and the introduction of individual accounts; the results of reform have been shared in many respects, too, the most striking is lower coverage and compliance. The reason why the coverage is lower in both China and Latin America is that there exists a big difference in their traditional culture: in Latin America that lacks in savings culture which has weakened the effects of the equivalence principle in enlarging their lower coverage and compliance compared with their pre-reform days; however when analyzing in details the Housing Provident Fund in China the authors found that with the savings culture background, China social security system lacks in the equivalence principle elements, so its coverage is still lower. The paper argues that if the combination of social pooling with individual account (hereafter IA)would have been reformed into NDC in which all the employees and employers contributions come into IA, the equivalence principle would come into effect that the coverage and compliance would have been enlarged to a ideal extent. z{  ' c k 4 ?    B\^` hEy:h/r hEy:aJo(hO\hEy:aJUhEy: hEy:o(h4hEy:5h4hEy:5o(Hz ` WD`gdEy:$a$gdEy:$a$gdEy:Zheng Bingwen, John Williamson, Esteban Calvo 6182P:p/r. A!"#$%S j 666666666vvvvvvvvv666666>6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666hH6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666662 0@P`p2( 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p8XV~ OJPJQJ_HmH nHsH tHZ`Z Ey:cke $1$a$0CJKHOJPJQJ^J_HaJmH nHsH tH$A $ ؞k=W[SOBiB 0nfh3\`?/[G\!-Rk.sԻ..a濭?PK!֧6 _rels/.relsj0 }Q%v/C/}(h"O = C?hv=Ʌ%[xp{۵_Pѣ<1H0ORBdJE4b$q_6LR7`0̞O,En7Lib/SeеPK!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xml M @}w7c(EbˮCAǠҟ7՛K Y, e.|,H,lxɴIsQ}#Ր ֵ+!,^$j=GW)E+& 8PK!װQtheme/theme/theme1.xmlYMoE#F{oc'vGuرhF[xw;jf7@%ą*H_RTԿ;3N&IA!>Ǽ3xN>UWCA6LKD-ʵ dXIJ؇4nx (:7vɗsKZjzJb_=}>9{wmE~Ï~yr,g~^G?y/_xPiL$F0Ws2G)6Pk)%;*r&eqh׃72mG^$ƊHps W$,.Ee8q7t oGQsD$D!)_w/CnQ´%}:piFMcˤf㛝Y[dEBU`V|0ǍXḌeǬXEeJ&/:RAC8D2- U6]PtT*漈v ۣIT~ GrUngN&%N7h4Kf,t,U;8ߵcF8v WK2mmě'Uw鶹s8%ϻzOhgڮPlFx<Ԅ  ĔF5. GTE0`W=$PK8ؙRCº>0~ ]^`69|V4 [1_GXU+ubiUiuy`qM@-U8kp0vbp!H#m|&HyȝC1^+Hkho $A*-GMg,Jn#Kt庇|6!ikBԥ0 fW¦l|Fn[U~3j ȦyK$rzVL -V 5-nhpH|U vaE>f(8@6{¯S ܣioWnsΊx{epv4Y%W:` mNo)323S~7+#]M qBiDאTpl>ן,SpS{4D~"A.%}0f{e2F& Ԫ= u\{"HuM6`pG}*h!XoN3a3XZzCEC٘U˫FV)Z۱,^A-@}`gĤP|z+43Hsv@A Nv&fe]Nkf}ƓTgkNS:{:Z  ``8@0(  B S  ??T<@TATBT|CT|DT<.8  ::3E??9*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplaceB*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagscountry-region Pjlns3yO Qp/az/,4} Q%s&/a1Dm@K6^D_ f>RIUgw*+FO!'3C6) 1 F $N X   y *6 bQ Bc * 7 4^ Aq + 4 @ yV t 1Ce$,bZi%7jDQzr~ VyKr B5a/r=!\/9L#1P4c `6E`u 63PNOTX]Ij{lY!]#>9@BQBVa+q`tB ;6dD\+V>[9 2! - = r!!2/!4!T6!k=!}I!`!`!Cy!","S"j"W#Z#_#(,%0]%?"&*&FD&!'s'x'%"(@(s()P.)6)t)**F*Z*3+^/+Su+c,,b,^3,&<,M,Qn,@ -E&-v-|-//rD/s/&020;0p011*_1_1|1}123S3|#3U3X_344064$@4[T4T4<\4|54555~56$6rx67"7:75V7d7 8U8?i8a9:&:3:<:c:Ey: ;;;b;2;>;u<<L<Q=8=2c=f=== >MO>!S>m>Kp> ?'?,?0?RY? @D@_@^k@ot@-A~AbBBgC0C3CA;CPCwDh6dhS|h }h{JixyiZj ljljHmj;jukkk ll1lHlKl alwllKylRm+mEmOm<[mBn[noo@$pOpPp q[qyq rr3rlPrzcr~rst, t^tkt#uu>uE$u`xuixuSQvWov? ww4wQw+awxwC%xU/xd/xBxbxQywyz;z${g{TU{X{w{ | |("|=|o|Jz|Mh}i}v}\~}7~y~V~s~F*\_muoR@+;H J.1:; 0@'EINuWY > >g~#=0DJOV[/;(JDLpsTXX[\ v,6!E\DlLUo {/eJ!Xnts2wir R,--Tm-Xo"P;;->ifqj? !, \l6R%NBrtZ (qow# %xEXv/pcMyX u[0BYNFd=Vj,Y7GQo#2CLdrjuy/@en|M9r!tRbpP!h1l`YuOJU? tBtL,@DMxzLrBvM'Qbz  :Qm}*k.)B>Ca ve GOV[p4v?NT!>1FmK@`78<LJatvw M$+F-4l7s>"(<D|>KRKdnfqnsPv7m d EfF-_*g'$KKG;Jyz1j4u )E*k8Zc]i @6@SPSGa~ffe'/JcwXSV@!h8 IIY{}S@]Xi K\V` ,2k,H=kIrx BS<4V3+?ivSDK,yjek /(}=FYYch{vG]/kwToArf#/9;L|M;v!M TVa ljl!*$Ye8&s'aYEr@uz#&(2@AH?y$*0Q|p~A\_ ^D Z+g7u:B)2:N Dboorusp 2sJq'ff#j ls{|V(QuR4f?D9cShu6OPXp&5|];INo(kBPv bG,9>A~5TB0oZu^z{} O |m{i 8OZ2=K[gr%u[oF1*xasuy!]_blx EH,=ZCwFxhmO '+m+.GHOY1/~[$gT &Vm42A!6F:`@/@@E( H@HUnknownG* Times New Roman5Symbol3. * Arial7.{ @Calibri;[SOSimSunA BCambria Math qhچچ   !?!%),.:;>?]}    & 0 2 3 : !6"000 0 0 0000006:>@DZ\^ =@\]^$([{  0 0 000000Y[];[2 2qHX $PEy:2!xxMarsopaMarsopaOh+'0h  $ 0 <HPX`MarsopaNormalMarsopa1Microsoft Office Word@F#@ZR@DV~R ՜.+,0 X`t|  ILAS-CASS    !"#$%&'(*+,-./02345678;Root Entry F}{R=Data  1Table*WordDocument8SummaryInformation()DocumentSummaryInformation81CompObju  F#Microsoft Office Word 97-2003 ĵ MSWordDocWord.Document.89q